The Civils Rights Act Of 1964 - 2307 Words

Abstract Title VII of the Civils Rights Act of 1964 is a U.S. federal law that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, and religion. Title V11 applies to private and public universities, local, state and federal governments, labor organizations and employment agencies. Today, the conversation surrounding discrimination has increasingly been based on race and gender and has emerged as an issues that many employers are trying to address in workforce development. Unfortunately, there are other groups that have similar attention or protection under U.S. laws and if so, they are still facing discrimination. LGBT employees are a group that has received minimal attention when it†¦show more content†¦One of the major issues presented to scholars in trying to develop an understanding of how to examine the LGBT in diversity policies, initiatives and management is the physical differences that are not apparent compared to othe r groups, particularly for those who identify as gay, lesbian or bi-sexual. Traditionally, diversity management scholars have focused more on visible characteristics of diversity such as age, gender, and ethnicity (Ozeren, 2014, p. 1203). Although, an employee’s sexual orientation/identity isn’t a visible characteristic, it should be considered an important of diversity management. Bower and Blackmon (2003) states that managing diversity, particularly when it comes to sexual orientation diversity, may be just as significant as managing visible diversity (as cited in Ozeren, 2014, p. 1203). Research of those who identify as LGB (not T), indicates that they’re a sizeable population. Gates (2015) states that â€Å"it is generally thought that between 8.2 to 8.7 million United States citizens identity as LGB citizens (transgender number are less well-known), or between 3.5 to 3.7 percent of the population† (as cited in Shrader, 2016, p. 181). For my term paper, I will explore the following questions: How is the U.S. currently responding to complaints filled by LGBT employees? What is the government doing to improve policies, laws, initiatives or statutes to protect this population? I will answ er these question by performing

The Tragedy of Hamlet Essay - 941 Words

The Tragedy of Hamlet In life the border between sanity and madness is thin and undefined. At best it is a gray area, fuzzy and unclear. Yet it is this area that Shakespeare so deftly depicts in The Tragedy of Hamlet. The gray environment he weaves eventually renders it almost impossible to tell the sane from the insane, the ability to reason ultimately becomes the audiences sole determiner of a characters mental condition. Thus, Shakespeare is able to successfully tie his thoughts on reason and emotion to a characters sanity. In the play Hamlet, by Shakespeare, the main character fits the description for being a tragic hero. A tragic hero is a character who has experienced life more fully, whether by heroic action or†¦show more content†¦Hamlet is rational enough to realize that the undiscovered country from whose born/ No traveler returns (3.1.79-80) may hold far worse realities for him than his present earthly uncertainties. The princes composure and cool reason prevent him from taking his own life, or as he puts it, the native hue of resolution/ Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought (3.1.84-85). This view, that Shakespeare believed that suicide was only a legitimate option to the insane, is supported by evidence that he did not intend Hamlet to be insane. The most compelling evidence is found in the way Hamlet switches between being rational and acting mad, according to who he was talking to. For example in scene two Hamlet acts quite mad for Polonius. The old advisor even remarks upon Hamlet possessing a happiness that often madness hits on, which reason and/ sanity could not so prosperously be delivered of (2.2.211-213). Then, only moments later, Hamlet switches gears to deliver his What a piece of work is man! (2.2.297-314) speech, to Rosencra ntz and Guildenstern. Likewise, his To be or not to be... (3.1.56-90) soliloquy, a rational and coherent speech on death, is directly followed by the famous Nunnery Scene (3.1.153). Also, theShow MoreRelatedHamlet and The Spanish Tragedy654 Words   |  3 Pagesbetween Hamlet and The Spanish Tragedy demonstrate the influence Kyds play had on Shakespeare. The similarities can be seen throughout the plot lines and context of both plays. While using the plays as different tools, both are used for expediting revenge. Shakespeare, through the impact of Kyds play, established and perfected an ideal plot for a play expressing revengeful tragedy. The actions and thoughts that Hamlet shows greatly displays many characteristics from The Spanish Tragedy. Hamlet modelsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Prince Hamlet1611 Words   |  7 PagesTani Mercado 3/16/15 ERWC Mr. Howes The Tragedy of Prince Hamlet King Hamlet’s death left a mark on everyone in the castle, after a while that all began to change when Claudius married Hamlet’s mother. Hamlet felt that everybody should be mourning his father’s death, and he felt betrayed by the sudden marriage. Hamlet becomes mad once he sees his father as a ghost and seeks to avenge his father’s death, not knowing that this would lead to his death. The grief of King Hamlet’s death and the reactionsRead MoreEssay : The Tragedy Of Hamlet1515 Words   |  7 Pagesmuffle ourselves by allowing overthinking to take control? William Shakespeares The Tragedy of Hamlet forces its protagonist to deal with the crossroads. Prince Hamlet has just returned to Denmark to attend his fathers funeral after being away in Germany for school. As time goes on, Hamlet begins to suspect that foul play is the cause of his fathers death. Hamlet proves to be an excellent example of a hero in a tragedy as he allows his paralyzing fear of the unknown to render him a flawed man. TheRead MoreEssay on Hamlet and Tragedy524 Words   |  3 PagesHamlet and Tragedy Hamlet: A Tragedy When you think of William Shakespeare, Hamlet is the first thing most people think of, as his work. Hamlet is also a classic example of a tragedy. In all tragedies the hero suffers, and usually dies at the end. All good pieces of literature written way back when, are usually tragedies. The most important element is the amount of free will the character has. In every tragedy, the characterRead MoreThe Importance Of Tragedy In Hamlet769 Words   |  4 Pages The word ‘tragedy’ is a common in the modern world, and it is often associated with a â€Å"sad or unhappy ending†. Accordingly, every time there is misfortune in a work, it is classified as a ‘tragedy’. Arthur Miller offers the observation that a tragedy is something that is more than just sad. Miller argues that tragedy is not a ‘pessimistic’ view on an event, but it allows for â€Å"the reinforcement of the onlookers brightest opinions of the human animal†. Since humans are not in control of his/her ownRead MoreHamlet: An Existential Tragedy1878 Words   |  8 Pages The concept of tragedy has always been praised for its ability to connect to an empathetic audience. This cathartic element present in tragic plays is an emotional response that many individuals constantly seek for the purpose of self-identification. Interestingly enough, one of the biggest questions of humanity pertains to the nature of their existence. As the debate over the meaning of life ensues, the notion of existentialism has been birthed to help individuals understand what their life’sRead MoreTragedy And Madness In Hamlet757 Words   |  4 Pagesnamed â€Å"Hamlet†.The protagonist of this story was named Hamlet. He was faced with trials and tribulations which led to an tragic end. Was their a cause of Hamlets madness? Evidence from the play shows, Hamlet was triggered by his father’s words, For Hamlet to avenge his fathers death. For this course of action to occur Hamlet must murder his uncle Claudius, who is soon to be king. Faced with more trials aft er King Hamlets passing, Gertrude (Hamlets mother) is to marry Claudius. Hamlet is stumpedRead MoreOphelia and Hamlet in The Tragedy of Hamlet Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesOphelia and Hamlet In 1600, William Shakespeare composed what is considered the greatest tragedy of all time, Hamlet, the tragedy of the Prince of Denmark. His masterpiece forever redefined what tragedy should be. Critics have analyzed it word for word for nearly four hundred years, with each generation appreciating Hamlet in its own way. While Hamlet conforms, without a doubt, to Aristotles definition of a tragedy, one question still lingers. Did Shakespeare intend for the reader or viewerRead MoreEssay On The Tragedy Of Hamlet1122 Words   |  5 Pagesghost of Hamlet’s father becomes Hamlet’s main struggle throughout the course of the play The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare. This play takes place mostly in the royal castle of Denmark in the late middle ages. The play follows Hamlet in his quest to determine the truthfulness of the ghost and to avenge the death of his father. In the play, major characters include Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, Laertes, Polon ius, and Ophelia. Claudius is the King of Denmark and theRead MoreThe Revenge Tragedy Of Hamlet Essay1976 Words   |  8 PagesIssara Butt Professor Abbott English 102 November 30, 2016 The Revenge Tragedy of Hamlet Revenge tragedies share some common characteristics of the play Hamlet which classify them in the group of many great stories such as The Spanish Tragedy, and King Lear. A vengeful ghost, a play within a play, and the main character who seeks revenge on an opponent and murdered (KAY). At some point in life many of us feel the need to seek revenge and never actually act upon it, but what if we did? What would

Classical conditioning Essay Example For Students

Classical conditioning Essay When ever the bell rings in any school in any nationyou are guaranteed to see students and teachers file into the hallway. This automatic response comes from somethingthat has been around for a long time called classical conditioning. Classicalconditioning was discovered and researched by Ivan Pavlov, a Russianphysiologist. His famous experimentwith his dog is known to nearly everyone who has had a middle school or highereducation. He fed his dog in a pattern,every time he fed his dog he rang a bell.Eventually the dog associated the bell with food and would begin tosalivate just on hearing the bell. Thatis the original experiment proving classical conditioning. What is aconditioned stimulus? A neutralstimulus that, after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, becomesassociated with it and elicits a conditioned response. (World of Psychologypg167) In English it is something thatis used to train someone or something through repetition. Pavlov made use of this in his experime nt toshow classical conditioning. Where asan unconditioned stimulus is something that is unlearned but is just respondedto out of instinct. Pavlovs dog, for examplehad one unconditioned stimulus and one conditioned stimulus. Both the conditioned and unconditionedstimuli were to an unconditioned response, the dog salivating. The unconditioned stimulus was the dog foodthat started the dog salivating. The conditionedstimulus or new stimulus was the bell being rung every time the dog was fed.After awhile the unconditioned stimulus wasnt even needed, because the dog wasnow conditioned to respond to the bell and salivate whenever he heard thebell. Things like this happened all thetime, for example; when I put on running shoes and running clothes my dog willbecome extremely hyper because she knows we are going outside and she will getto run around. Probably thestrongest application of classical conditioning is emotions. Human emotions are condition extremelyeasily to things that provoke strong reaction, things such as Adolf Hitler, theIRS, the American Flag and chemistry class because of their associations withour emotions. If something like thatprovoked a strong emotion before in your life when brought up in conversationthe strong emotion that was conditioned comes up also. For example when a person meets someone withthe same name as someone they previously liked, that person automatically likesthe new person, because of association to the previous friend. You become conditioned to associate onething with the other. When Pavlovdiscovered classical conditioning it was, like most major discoveries, byaccident. Pavlovs original purpose wasto collect the saliva of dogs to study.Pavlov made a small cut on the inside of the dogs mouth and attached atube that connected to a container for the collection and measurement ofsaliva. One d ay he noticed that therewas saliva starting to collect in the container when the dog heard theassistant coming to feed him. The dog hadalready been conditioned to the sound of the footsteps as a conditionedstimulus. And although completely byaccident Pavlov had just proved his classical conditioning theory. He had made a discovery, now was his chance to research it, and hedid so in his lab of his own design.His laboratory was in St. Petersburg, Russia more than a centuryago. He was extremely meticulous aboutnothing getting in and influencing his test subjects at all. The windows were covered in extra thicksheets of glass; each room had double steel doors which sealed hermeticallywhen closed; and the steel girders which supported the floors were embedded insand. A deep moat filled with strawencircled the building. Thus vibration,noise, temperature extremes, odors, even drafts were eliminated. Nothing could influence the animals exceptthe conditioning stimulus to which they were expos ed. (Schultz 1975pp187-188) (World of Psychology pg166)Pavlov went on to win the Nobel Prize in 1904 for his research in the physiologyof digestion. He was the first Russianto win the Nobel Prize. What happens ifPavlov just ran the bell and didnt give the dog any food? Other than being cruel to animals he wouldhave started to disassemble the conditioning of the dog. When the dog can hear the bell ring and notsalivate that is called extinction.Extinction is by definition The weakening and often eventualdisappearance of a learned response. (In classical conditioning the conditionedresponse is weakened by repeated presentation of the conditioned responsewithout the unconditioned stimulus (World of Psychology pg168) Meaning thatPavlovs dogs would stop salivating after a while of only hearing the bell andnot receiving any food. Just becausethe conditioned response leaves the dog its not gone forever. Pavlov discovered that if he brought the doghome for a while and let it rest then brough t it back to the lab theconditioned response would reappear. Henamed this spontaneous recovery.Although it did come back without actual food to back up ringing thebell the conditioned response disappeared in less time than the before. The next thingthat Pavlov wondered about classical conditioning is it generalized orspecific? Meaning will the dog salivate to any bell now or just the one in Ctone? This is calledgeneralization. He discovered that thedog was conditioned to salivate to other tones than the C tone but thefarther it got from the C the less the dog salivated. To further test generalization Pavlovconducted his experiment another way.He conditioned a dog to salivate to a vibrating device was set offattached to the dogs thigh. He thenwondered would the dog still salivate if he attached the device to the dogspelvis, then hind paw, then shoulder, then foreleg and finally the frontpaw. He discovered that the farther hegot from the rear thigh, or the original conditioning, the l ess of a salivatingresponse. Other examples of this arethings such as someone who was attacked by a dog when he or she was young andtherefore grew up hating and fearing all dogs. .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f , .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f .postImageUrl , .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f , .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f:hover , .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f:visited , .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f:active { border:0!important; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f:active , .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee15173e46a3845d5ce02b545cd5ff5f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Cold Blood EssayOn the other sideof generalization there must be discrimination. Pavlov decided he didnt want his dogs to salivate to any othertones but C. This was not very hard all that was need was to cause extinction in any other type of tone. The C tone was reinforced by continuouslygiving food after the tone was rung. On the other hand whenever any other tone was sounded it was not reinforced by food. Thus the dog became more conditioned to C and the conditioned responses for the other tones becameextinct. Classicalconditioning has and will continue to be around forever. It is part of human nature and many peopletake advantage of it daily. It can beused to dispel fears or as training for a job, it doesnt matter what it is for it will just be there.

Mutual Fund Project free essay sample

The fund employs a passive management investment approach. It is a low cost way to gain diversified exposure to the equity market in the United States. The fund invests in 500 of the largest companies in the United States. The companies span many different industries and the fund accounts for about 75% of the United States stock market’s value. VFINX measures the investment return of large-capitalization stocks. The most obvious risk is the volatility that comes with its full exposure to the stock market. The mutual fund portfolio’s composition is made up of 99. 45% stocks and . 55% cash. The expense ratio for this mutual fund is . 17%. This is the annual fee that shareholders are charged. It expresses the percentage of assets deducted each fiscal year for fund expenses, including 12b-1 fees, management fees, administrative fees, operating costs, and all other asset-based costs incurred by the fund. For the Year-to-Date (ytd) rankings in its category, VFINX ranked in at 24 according to Yahoo! Finance. We will write a custom essay sample on Mutual Fund Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Over the last 10 years, the fund has performed in direct correlation to the Samp;P 500 being that it is an index fund and there is a beta of 1, meaning that whatever the Samp;P 500 does, the fund will do as well. VFINX is a good choice if an investor is seeking a mutual fund that offers the stability of large, established companies and the wide exposure of a fund that holds both value and growth stocks. Fidelity Magellan Fund (FMAGX) has ridden the ups and downs over the years of the market’s roller coaster. The fund has gone through many changes over the years and one of the most important key factors to the fund’s performance has been related to the way it was managed. The fund currently has assets totaling 14. billion and its portfolio consists of growth and value stocks across the capitalization spectrum from around the world and the United States. The fund keeps about 20 percent of the holdings in foreign stocks. It is one of the world’s most known actively managed funds and has finally found some stability due to its newest manager, Harry Lange. In 2008, during the financial crisis, the management chose to stay aggressive instead of investing defensively and incurred a bad loss, which lead to the changes in management. FMAGX is classified as a large growth fund and is ranked 24 in its category according to Yahoo! Finance. The 3-year beta is 1. 7, which means that it bears more risk than investing directly in the Samp;P 500, however this also means that it could provide heftier returns. The mutual fund portfolio’s composition

buy custom Antibiotics essay

buy custom Antibiotics essay An antibiotic refers to a substance that either kills or slows down the process of bacteria growth. Antibiotics, together with other anti-viral, anti-parasitic and anti-fungal drugs form a larger group known as microbials. Antibiotics can be considered to be selective poisons and are therefore relatively harmless to human beings. Originally, the term was used in reference to only those formulations made using living organisms. Today, the term refers to even synthetic antimicrobials, for example, sulfonamides. For an antibiotic to be prescribed, the doctor has to determine the type of infection, its location and whether or not the antibiotic can reach the site of the infection. Oral antibiotics are the most commonly preferred approach. Intravenous antibiotics are usually targeted at infections that are much more serious. Sometimes, antibiotics are prescribed in the form of ointments or eyedrops. Nowadays, antibiotics have been subject to overuse and misuse. Misuse comes in form of taking antibiotics that are inappropriate or not adhering to prescription instructions relating to dosage. It is common for a patient to feel better and hence to stop taking antibiotics. In most cases, when one feels better, this is not to say that the disease-causing microorganism has been completely eradicated. Buy custom Antibiotics essay

Beatles memorabilia essays

Beatles memorabilia essays No rock n roll group had more influence on a generation and the world as did The Beatles. They single handedly changed the period known as the Sixties and their influence is still being felt today. Music, culture, lifestyles, hairstyles, clothing styles and attitudes all changed because of this remarkable band that emerged out of Liverpool England in the early 1960s. The Beatles were George Harrison, John Lennon, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney as pictured above. The Beatles themselves were greatly influenced by the early rock n roll stars from America such as Elvis Presley, Fats Domino, Buddy Holly, Gene Vincent and others. During the bands infancy they spent a considerable amount of time listening and copying the styles of these great 1950s rock n roll heroes. Its fair to say that the music style adopted by the Beatles has in roots in 1950s American rock n roll. The Beatles dawned on the music scene in the very early 1960s and by 1963 had established themselves as the premiere rock n roll band in all of England. Frenzied crowds greeted the Beatles wherever they appeared throughout all of England. Beatlemania was born. The America music scene had all but ignored what was transpiring in England. But by January 1964, after the release of the Beatles second album in England, America could not longer resist the onslaught of these four loveable guys with mop-top haircuts. They stormed onto the American music scene in February 1964 with their historic performances in Washington DC, Carnegie Hall and Shea Stadium. Their music, coupled with their first class humor and personalities, firmly established them as the rock n roll kings for an entire generation. Their popularity, both yesterday and today, still remains unequaled by any other rock n roll artist. The memorabilia licensed by The Beatles is vast and seemingly...

You will see with the attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You will see with the attachment - Essay Example A professional person is able to perform a high quality work with honesty and dignity. Nursing requires impressive emotional contribution in the process of work’s completion, constant advancement and perfection of knowledge, attentive attitude to the patients and an overall control in the process of medical treatment. It is interesting to have an option of on-line education. It is very convenient, but it requires special knowledge and skills. Thus, for example, a very important role plays online communication and it is necessary to know peculiarities of email composing and be aware of e-mail etiquette. During my study I got acquainted with different peculiarities of e-mail etiquette. For example, it is relevant to fill in the subject line of email, be concise and exact in one’s messages et cetera. Online communication provides a lot of new opportunities and makes the process more interesting. Moreover, in the process of study communication online is more effective that traditional form of communication, because there is an option of online conferences with people from all over the world, sending attachments, correcting and adding necessary information instantaneously and so on. This form of communication is of high relevance in my profession, because it is possible to get informed once a p atient has some news or wants to get some information. It is evident that the effect of medical treatment is higher in case both traditional and online types of communication are combined. Patient can ask relevant questions at any time and get answer at once thus much time can be economized. For example, a nurse can receive email from the patient with the latest information about his health and help him the way she can as soon as it is possible. Another option is to find some files or information about the patient and send it to

Why do many economists argue for outward orientation and export Essay

Why do many economists argue for outward orientation and export promotion to the industrialization of East Asia - Essay Example According to large proportion of economics, countries that have relied on outward orientation as a strategy for development and industrialization have done better than those countries that in contrary adopted inward orientation (Edwards, 1989, p. 1). More specifically, outward orientation is a trade policy characterized with absence of bias against exports, active promotion of exports and low trade barriers (Mody, 1999, p. 2). Firms face equal incentives to produce for the home as well export markets, same time emerging exporters are given quite high levels of initial market protection. Outward orientation is an absence of bias against exports (Bromley, Mackintosh and Brown, 2004, p. 69). An inward orientation is an attempt to withdraw from the full participation of a country in the world economy. It supports import substitution that is the production of goods at home to be encouraged as it would otherwise to be imported. An outward orientation strategy is an attepmt to participate in international trade by encouraging resource allocation without any price distortions. Outward orientation is thus an application of production according to comparative advantage (Appleyard, Field and Cobb, 2005, p. 427). Economists argue for the outward orientation to industrialize East Asia because it is highly useful strategy to enhance and improve the economic performance of the country.

Independence of the judiciary in Australia Essay Example for Free

Independence of the judiciary in Australia Essay To understand the expression the independence of the judiciary you first must understand what is meant my judiciary. The judicature is: The judicial power of the commonwealth shall be vested in a Federal Supreme Court, to be called the High Court of Australia, and in such other federal courts as the Parliament creates, and in such other courts as it invests with federal jurisdiction. The High Court shall consist of a chief justice and so many other justices, not less than two, as the Parliament describes. Using this definition contained in the Australian Constitution, the expression the independence of the judiciary to my understanding refers only to independence in making decisions in court cases. It means that in making such decisions a judge must be individually independent and free from pressures which could influence a judge in reaching a decision in a case other then by intellect and conscience based on a genuine assessment of the evidence and an honest application of the law . The independence of the judiciary also incorporates that the judiciary is totally isolated from the other branches of the government these branches being the executive and legislative arms which make up the separation of powers as outlined in the Australian Constitution. Judicial independence is of the utmost importance to our judicial system, and to our system of government, because without judicial independence they become useless institutions. The importance of an independent judiciary is to maintain the rule of law, the rule of law being the principle that no member of society is above the law, every member of society is bound by the law, and everyone is equal before the law. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) states the fundamental rights that every human being is entitled to and includes rights referred to in the section, Procedural Guarantees in Civil and Criminal Trials . Article 14 (1) states:All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial  tribunal established by lawThe appointment of a judicial branch of government, as outlined in the Australian Constitution and the guarantee that it is completely separate and independent of the other branches, represents the main way by which most states seek to adhere with the principles contained in the previously stated provision of the ICCPR. As Sir Anthony Mason said:The separation of judicial power is not only protection against the exercise of arbitrary power, but it also assists in maintaining the independence of the judiciary and contributes to public confidence in the administration of justice. This statement highlights the importance in ensuring that the judicial power remains separate to ensure that the public can have confidence in the application of the judicial process. Public perception of judicial impartiality is the essence of judicial independence. The independence of the judiciary can be threatened in Australia because total separation of the judicial power is near impossible in the real world. In many countries, including Australia, the Executive Government appoints judges and. this may be seen to threaten the independence of the judiciary. The executive can affect the judicial through the manner in which it seeks to exercise its power of judicial appointments. By exercising this power the executive can shape the future directions in judicial interpretation, especially by a court which has the task of constitutional interpretation, such as the High Court of Australia. This was seen in the request of Deputy Prime Minister Tim Fischer for appointment of Capital C conservative judges in the wake of the Wik decision. The Constitution says that the separation of power is divided between the three arms of government so there can be a system of checks and balances in place to ensure the power of the other two is being exercised in accordance with their outlined role. But can we really have a complete separation of power, when the Prime Minister works within the Executive and Judicial arms of government. However the independence of the judiciary is put to the test when it comes to judges being guided by their understanding of the law, the facts of the case and the pull of conscience to a judgement which is opposed to what the other branches of the government may want. As Kirby CJ highlighted the High Court of Australia has on a number of occasions, over the past 100 years upheld the Constitution and has made judgements which have gone against the principles of the elected Governments and Parliaments. In 1948 it struck down the nationalisation of the private banks . In 1951, it declared unconstitutional an attempt to dissolve the communist party and to deprive communists of basic rights . In 1992 it overturned much earlier law to uphold the rights of Australias indigenous people in their land . In 1996 it held that such rights were not necessarily extinguished by the grant of pastoral leases which cover about half of the land of the Australian continent . These court decisions show that judicial independence has not been threatened in Australia over the last 100 years. The above decisions would be highly unlikely in a country where judicial independence was not guaranteed by the letter of the Constitution. A Privy Council case which dealt with separation of arbitrary and judicial powers was the Boilmakers Case (1956) . The High Court held that it was unconstitutional for the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration to be vested with both arbitral and judicial powers because of the acceptance in the Constitution of the separation of legislative and judicial powers . As a result, the Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904 was amended to establish two separate bodies. From 15 August 1955 to 2 March 1956 a Full Court of the High Court of Australia, heard an application by the Boilermakers Society for a writ of prohibition on the grounds that the exercise of the earlier orders was . . . contrary and repugnant to the provisions of the Constitution of the Commonwealth and, in particular, Chap. III thereof.The application was  upheld by a majority of the Court. The decision was also affirmed in an appeal to the Privy Council. This case set a precedent that the Parliament cannot invest Ch III courts and/or judges with non-judicial power, which further instates that independence of the judiciary within Australia. A further Case which also highlights that the independence of the judiciary is not threatened in Australia is the case Brandy v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) [1995] . This case reinforced that the HREOC was not originally given the power or authority to enforce its judgements, as it was not a court in accordance with Ch III of the Australian Constitution. If the judgement was to be legally enforced upon the respondent then the matter would have to be heard in the Federal Court. The court held that it was an invalid exercise of judicial powers by the HREOC, which highlights that the independence of the judiciary is being upheld within Australia. Sir Ninian Stephen observed that an independent judiciary, although formidable protector of individual liberty is at the same time a very venerable institution, a fragile bastion indeed . In 1989 he was of the view that judicial independence was still flourishing in Australia. A year later, Sir Daryl Dawson was confident that it was alive and well. Judicial independence does not mean that judges are not accountable for their decisions and judgements. Judges are just as accountable as the executive and legislative arms of government just in a different way. This was highlighted in a paper prepared in 1998 for the New South Wales Parliament on Judicial Accountability, the author noted that Australia has important procedures operating to make the judiciary accountable to the community, these procedures are informal measures; judges are obliged to hear argument from both parties; judges are obliged to conduct hearings in public, which makes them more accountable; judges must give reasons fortheir decisions; and their judgements are subject to appeal. There are a number of ways in which the independence of the judiciary is maintained within Australia. These include, most significantly, the provisions in the Australian Constitution guaranteeing security of tenure and fixed remuneration for federal judges and magistrates. Chapter III of the Constitution outlines in s72 that:(i)shall be appointed by the Governor- General in Council;(ii)Shall not be removed except by the Governor- General in Council on an address from both Houses of the Parliament in the same session, praying for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. (iii)Shall receive such remuneration as the parliament may fix; but the remuneration shall not be dismissed during their continuance in office. These protections are intended to ensure members of the judiciary may carry out their functions without fear or favour, in accordance with their oath of office. To further cement its independence in relation to the Government and in relation to Parliament S 71 of the Constitution which states shall be vested means that the High Court cannot be eliminated by Parliament. Section 72(ii) means that the Government cannot remove a judge except by persuading Parliament that there is proved misbehaviour or incapacity. Section 72(iii) is to make sure that the Government or Parliament cannot punish a judge financially for decisions it does not like. The independence of the judiciary is necessary to the rule of law, to ensure that the Government itself acts in accordance with the law. For the Independence of the judiciary to remain strong within Australia public confidence is essential. It is important that the judiciary be, and be seen to be independent. From the cases above and decisions made by the High Court it can be seen that judicial independence is still flourishing  within Australia and will continue to flourish if the judiciary can secure and preserve the confidence of the public. Bibiliography 1. Journal Articles/Books/ReportsBooks-Elizabeth Ellis, Principles and Practice of Australian Law (2nd Edition 2009)-Enid Campbell and H.P Lee, The Australian Judiciary-Christopher Enright, Federal Administrative Law2. Cases:- R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers Society of Australia (1955-56) 94 CLR 254- Wik Peoples v Queensland (1996) 187 CLR 1- Bank of New South Wales v The Commonwealth (1948) 76 CLR 1- Australian Communist Party v The Commonwealth (1951) 83 CLR 1- Mabo v Queensland [No 2] (1992) 175 CLR 1- Brandy v HREOC [1995] 183 CLR 245; 127 ALR 13. Legislation:- International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, Art 14- The Australian Constitution4. Other- John Kilcillen, The Australian constitution: First Reading Macquarie University 2004- Kirby, Michael Justice, International Bar Association Human Rights Institute, Independence of the Judiciary 12-14th June 1998- A Lamer, The Rule of Law and Judicial Independence: Protecting Core Values in Times of Change (1996) 25 Monash University Law Review 209- General Jeffer Michael, The Opening of the Judicial Conference of Australia Colloquium, 6th October 2006

Homosexual Marriage Must be Legal Essay -- essays research papers

Homosexual Marriage Must be Legal "Men and women full of age, without any limitation due to race, nationality, or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family."( Article 16-1). Most people would interpret this article as only a man and a woman have the right to be married. But many people need to reconsider the article as in each man and woman are independent, and should be able to marry whomever he or she desires. The majority of people are straight and in heterosexual relationships, but should not mean that the minority of people are any less human because they live their life in a homosexual relationship. Would you chose to live your life as a homosexual knowing all the struggles you would have to face? Everyone has the choice of who they fall in love with, but nobody can decide that they will fall in love with a specific gender. Most people think the natural way of things is that men are attracted to women and taht women are attracted to men. People who are homosexual are naturally born to be attracted to the same sex. As well as people who are born straight are naturally born to be attracted to people of the opposite sex. Many people do not agree with homosexual marriage because they argue it is not the natural way of things. Reason is because homosexuals connot produce children, where a man and a woman have that capability. People tho who are in homosexual relationships could always adopt. But many people say that that would be an injustice to the child. ... Homosexual Marriage Must be Legal Essay -- essays research papers Homosexual Marriage Must be Legal "Men and women full of age, without any limitation due to race, nationality, or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family."( Article 16-1). Most people would interpret this article as only a man and a woman have the right to be married. But many people need to reconsider the article as in each man and woman are independent, and should be able to marry whomever he or she desires. The majority of people are straight and in heterosexual relationships, but should not mean that the minority of people are any less human because they live their life in a homosexual relationship. Would you chose to live your life as a homosexual knowing all the struggles you would have to face? Everyone has the choice of who they fall in love with, but nobody can decide that they will fall in love with a specific gender. Most people think the natural way of things is that men are attracted to women and taht women are attracted to men. People who are homosexual are naturally born to be attracted to the same sex. As well as people who are born straight are naturally born to be attracted to people of the opposite sex. Many people do not agree with homosexual marriage because they argue it is not the natural way of things. Reason is because homosexuals connot produce children, where a man and a woman have that capability. People tho who are in homosexual relationships could always adopt. But many people say that that would be an injustice to the child. ...

Of Mice and Men The End Analysis Essay

â€Å"What happens at the end of this novel shows that Steinbeck’s view of life is a pessimistic and negative one.† By the end of the novel tragedy struck the hopeful couple Lenny and George, as once again Lenny have â€Å"done a real bad thing.† He accidentally killed his little puppy, not knowing that it would â€Å"get killed that easily†. It really wasn’t his fault, for it â€Å"ain’t little as mice†, though it â€Å"wasn’t big enough† of a puppy either to be kept outside its mother’s reach. And if that wasn’t bad enough, on that same day he viciously killed Curley’s wife. In the barn she was consoling her loneliness by talking to Lenny in a â€Å"passion of communication†. With pleasure she talks of her dreams and of her life, about how her life would be if she â€Å"made somethin’ of herself†. How she was said to be a â€Å"natural† in movies and how her â€Å"ol’ lady stole† letters from a guy she knew that â€Å"was in pitchers†. Her dream dies as with her body as Lenny tries to shut her up. Not knowing his own strength he breaks her neck after she struggles to break free, and â€Å"her body flopped like a fish†, as Curley did when he tried to let go of his hand from Lennie’s strong grasp. As soon as Candy and George discovers the unlawful act that Lenny has done, they try to reason with his actions and find the best action that should be taken against him. Pessimistically George wants to â€Å"get ‘im an’ lock ‘im up†, for his own good so he won’t â€Å"starve† to death. In the end George decided to kill Lenny, for he thinks that if anyone should lynch Lenny, it should him that would kill Lenny, mercifully. I agree with the statement that Steinbeck’s opinion on life by the end of the novel is a pessimistic and negative point of view. By pessimistic I mean that he has a tendency to stress the adverse aspects of a situation, in this case expecting the worst possible outcome in life. Negative, meaning he expresses denial, refusal, prohibition, bad, or evil things in general. The ending of this novel in my opinion is very tragic, having three deaths occur in one day which not only does it represents physical death, but also emotional death. I see death as the negative side to life, but then again death can be seen as something positive, as religion tells us of something called heaven, which for Lenny might be â€Å"tending rabbits† and â€Å"live off the fatta the land.† On page 112 where George describes the perfect life: â€Å"Ever’body gonna be nice to you. Ain’t gonna be no more trouble. Nobody gonna hurt nobody nor steal from ’em†, it is all positive things. But the fact that Lenny had to imagine it means that he can’t see it with the naked eye, therefore it does not exist in reality, leaving reality with the opposite of that imagination of the perfect life which is the negative things. I believe the puppy represents the death of trust and responsibility in the companionship between Lenny and George. George trusted Lenny to take care of his puppy, but once again Lenny acted irresponsible, not listening to Slim’s and George’s advice to not take away the pup from its mother. This is why Lenny was very nervous after the dog gets killed. He was afraid â€Å"maybe George ain’t gonna let me (Lenny) tend no rabbits†, that George would lose his trust on Lenny. He was afraid that George would pass a negative judgement on Lenny. The death of Curley’s wife I say would mean the death of the innocent. I thought she was caught in the middle of life in the 1930’s where her gender was discriminated against, and as a wife she should stay at home â€Å"where she belongs†. I feel pity for her living on a ranch where there aren’t many other women around. As her husband prohibits her to talk to other men, people might find her as â€Å"trouble†, â€Å"jail-bait†, one that â€Å"conceals nothing†. Lennie’s death, the climax of the novel situated at the end of the novel is very important. His death expresses the death of true friendship between George and Lenny, unlike the other migrant workers relations. The death of Candy’s dream of having a place he can call his own, the death of Crook’s hope to be treated as equal, as a human being and also as a friend. The relationship between George and Lenny are different from other guys. â€Å"We got each other†, not like other guys who â€Å"ain’t got nobody in the worl’ that gives a hoot in hell about ’em†. Lenny and George get a sense of security out of this. This may be considered a luxury for any other migrant workers. Candy who is old and weak also yearns for security. â€Å"Jus’ as soon as I can’t swamp out no bunk – houses they’ll put me on the county†, shows how he is afraid of his future, how if he’s unemployed with no permanent residence and what would happen if he would be left out in the streets. He was deeply stricken with sadness, as â€Å"his eyes were blinded with tears† and how he just â€Å"lay down in the hay and covered his eyes with his arm†. Crooks who tries to â€Å"conceal his pleasure with anger† as Candy and Lenny both were guests at his bunk, is a man who lost all his pride and dignity because of racism. People degrade him in a level so low that he has no more self-confidence or even self-respect. With the coming of Candy and Lenny he gained them piece by piece. For a moment he felt to be part of something in Lennie’s â€Å"dream†, how he hoped to live a better life where people would treat him with the respect that he deserves. All is but a memory once Lenny is killed, no chance the dream would come true. I’d think everybody would just go their separate ways, living their lives in a straight line, hardly ever cross. Steinbeck’s style of writing noticed in the description of nature on chapter 6 is far more violent than described in the beginning of the novel. â€Å"A silent head and beak lanced don and plucked it out by the head, and the beak swallowed the little snake while its tail waved frantically. But one could argue that his negative view on life already started from the beginning of the novel. The title â€Å"Of Mice and Men† which is taken from a poem by Robert Burns says that no matter how you plan something, something always goes wrong. George expected the worst possible outcome, being pessimistic of Lennie, by foreshadowing him to get in trouble. If you look in the positive way, the end can also mean a new beginning.

Counseling Case Study Essay

Introduction – Robert is a 46 years old high functioning male. He just recently got divorced and he self-referred himself for counseling. On the first session, he denied any of problems between him and his wife. He doesn’t seem painful about living away from his children. He didn’t describe well about his feelings and emotions. Therefore, we will mainly use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. CBT builds a set of skills that enables an individual to be aware of thoughts and emotions; identify how situations, thoughts, and behaviors influence emotions; and improve feelings by changing dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors. Once he gets to know him better, he will see more improvement. Treatment Plan – Problem: 1. Lack of relationship with children 2. Have not notice the reasons about recent divorce 3. Avoidance, denial and isolation 4. Possibility of low self-esteem 5. Highly functional at work and outside the house only Goals: 1. Increase self-worth, self-value and self-image 2. Develop the ways to have fun 3. Recovery the relationship with ex-wife for himself and his children Plan: 1. Assigned homework – making plan for weekend activity 2. Develop a relationship with his children 3. Writing journal about his feelings 4. Self-evaluation(find what kind type of person, what he likes) Conclusion Divorce is 2nd stressful change in life.(1st is of Death of spouse) Client needs time for adjusting changes. Even though he is high functioning, he is having a hard time coping with his divorce that he claims was unexpected and  to him everything was fine. During this case study we came to an understanding on what he think is important and what he will be willing to work on. He will be given homework and will journal about his feelings, what he would like to improve and the type of relationship he wants to develop with his children. He will be given the proper tools on how to manage his coping skills and will learn to validate how hard his changes are going to be. We will monitor his progress and decide what type of adjustment is going to be needed for his recovery. Resource (Reference) Jeffery A. Cully, PH.D. & Andra L. Teten, PH.D. A Therapist’s guide to brief cognitive behavioral therapy Meeting with Military & Family Life Counselor â€Å"Dee Moriaty†

Polygons on ACT Math Geometry Formulas and Strategies

Polygons on ACT Math Geometry Formulas and Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Questions about both circles and various types of polygons are some of the most prevalent types of geometry questions on the ACT. Polygons come in many shapes and sizes and you will have to know them inside and out in order to take on the many different types of polygon questions the ACT has to offer. The good news is that, despite their variety, polygons are often less complex than they look; a few simple rules and strategies are all that you need when it comes to solving an ACT polygon question. This will be your complete guide to ACT polygons- the rules and formulas for various polygons, the kinds of questions you’ll be asked about them, and the best approach for solving these types of questions. What is a Polygon? Before we go to polygon formulas, let’s look at what exactly a polygon is. A polygon is any flat, enclosed shape that is made up of straight lines. To be â€Å"enclosed† means that the lines must all connect, and no side of the polygon can be curved. Polygons NOT Polygons Polygons come in two broad categories- regular and irregular. A regular polygon has all equal sides and all equal angles, while irregular polygons do not. Regular Polygons Irregular Polygons A polygon will always have the same number of sides as it has angles. So a polygon with nine sides will have nine angles. The different types of polygons are named after their number of sides and angles. A triangle is made of three sides and three angles (â€Å"tri† meaning three), a quadrilateral is made of four sides (â€Å"quad† meaning four), a pentagon is made of five sides (â€Å"penta† meaning five), etc. Many of the polygons you’ll see on the ACT (though not all) will either be triangles or some sort of quadrilateral. Triangles in all their forms are covered in our complete guide to ACT triangles, so let’s move on to look at the various types of quadrilaterals you’ll see on the test. Barber shop quartets, quadrilaterals- clearly the secret to success is in fours. Quadrilaterals There are many different types of quadrilaterals, most of which are subcategories of one another. Parallelogram A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which each set of opposite sides is both parallel and congruent (equal) with one another. The length may be different than the width, but both widths will be equal and both lengths will be equal. Parallelograms are peculiar in that their opposite angles will be equal and their adjacent angles will be supplementary (meaning any two adjacent angles will add up to 180 degrees). Most questions that require you to know this information are quite straightforward. For example: If we draw this parallelogram, we can see that the two angles in question are supplementary. This means that the two angles will add up to 180 degrees. Our final answer is F, add up to 180 degrees. Rhombus A rhombus is a type of parallelogram in which all four sides are equal and the angles can be any measure (so long as their adjacents add up to 180 degrees and their opposite angles are equal). Rectangle A rectangle is a special kind of parallelogram in which each angle is 90 degrees. The rectangle’s length and width can either be equal or different from one another. Square If a rectangle has an equal length and width, it is called a square. This means that a square is a type of rectangle (which in turn is a type of parallelogram), but NOT all rectangles are squares. Trapezoid A trapezoid is a quadrilateral that has only one set of parallel sides. The other two sides are non-parallel. Kite A kite is a quadrilateral that has two pairs of equal sides that meet one another. You'll notice that a lot of polygon definitions will fit inside other definitions, but a little organization (and dedication) will help keep them straight in your head. Polygon Formulas Though there are many different types of polygons, their rules and formulas build off of a few basic ideas. Let’s go through the list. Area Formulas Most polygon questions on the ACT will ask you to find the area or the perimeter of a figure. These will be the most important area formulas for you to remember on the test. Area of a Triangle $$a = {1/2}bh$$ The area of a triangle will always be half the amount of the base times the height. In a right triangle, the height will be equal to one of the legs. In any other type of triangle, you must drop down your own height, perpendicular from the vertex of the triangle to the base. Area of a Square $$l^2$$ Or $$lw$$ Because each side of a square is equal, you can find the area by either multiplying the length times the width or simply by squaring one of the sides. Area of a Rectangle $$lw$$ For any rectangle that is not a square, you must always multiply the base times the height to find the area. Area of a Parallelogram $$bh$$ Finding the area of a parallelogram is exactly the same as finding the area of a rectangle. Because a parallelogram may slant to the side, we say we must use its base and its height (instead of its length and width), but the principle is the same. You can see why the two actions are equal if you were to transform your parallelogram into a rectangle by dropping down straight heights and shifting the base. Area of a Trapezoid $$[(l_1 + l_2)/2]h$$ In order to find the area of a trapezoid, you must find the average of the two parallel bases and multiply this by the height of the trapezoid. Let's take a look at this formula in action, The trapezoid is divided into a rectangle and two triangles. Lengths are given in inches. What is the combined area of the two shaded triangles? A. 4 B. 6 C. 9 D. 12 E. 18 If you remember your formula for trapezoids, then we can find the area of our triangles by finding the area of the trapezoid as a whole and then subtracting out the area of the rectangle inside it. First, we should find the area of the trapezoid. $[(l_1 + l_2)/2]h$ $[(6 + 12)/2]3$ $(18/2)3$ $(9)3$ $27$ Now, we can find the area of the rectangle. $6 * 3$ 18 And finally, we can subtract out the area of the rectangle from the trapezoid. $27 - 18$ 9 The combined area of the triangles is 9. Our final answer is C, 9. In general, the best way to find the area of different kinds of polygons is to transform the polygon into smaller and more manageable shapes. This will also help you if you forget your formulas come test day. For example, if you forget the formula for the area of a trapezoid, turn your trapezoid into a rectangle and two triangles and find the area for each. Luckily for us, this has already been done in this problem. We know that we can find the area of a triangle by ${1/2}bh$ and we already have a height of 3. We also know that the combined bases for the triangles will be: $12 - 6$ 6 So let us say that one triangle has a base of 4 and the other has a base of 2. (Why those numbers? Any numbers for the triangle bases will work so long as they add up to 6.) Now, let us find the area for each triangle. or the first triangle, we have: ${1/2}(4)(3)$ $(2)(3)$ $6$ And for the second triangle, we have: ${1/2}(2)(3)$ $(1)(3)$ 3 Now, let us add them together. $6 + 3$ 9 Again, the area of our triangles together is 9. Our final answer is C, 9. Always remember that there are many different ways to find what you need, so don’t be afraid to use your shortcuts! Side and Angle Formulas Whether your polygon is regular or irregular, the sum of its interior degrees will always follow the rules of that particular polygon. Every polygon has a different degree sum, but this sum will be consistent, no matter how irregular the polygon. For example, the interior angles of a triangle will always equal 180 degrees, whether the triangle is equilateral (a regular polygon), isosceles, acute, or obtuse. So by that same notion, the interior angles of a quadrilateral- whether kite, square, trapezoid, or other- will always add up to be 360 degrees. Interior Angle Sum You will always be able to find the sum of a polygon’s interior angles in one of two ways- by memorizing the interior angle formula, or by dividing your polygon into a series of triangles. Method 1: Interior Angle Formula $$(n−2)180$$ If you have an n number of sides in your polygon, you can always find the interior degree sum by the formula $(n - 2)$ times 180 degrees. Method 2: Dividing Your Polygon Into Triangles The reason the above formula works is because you are essentially dividing your polygon into a series of triangles. Because a triangle is always 180 degrees, you can multiply the number of triangles by 180 to find the interior degree sum of your polygon, whether your polygon is regular or irregular. As we saw, we have two options to find our interior angle sum. Let us try each method. Solving Method 1: formulas $(n - 2)180$ There are 5 sides, so if we plug that into our formula for $n$, we get: $(5 - 2)180$ $3(180)$ 540 Now we can find the sum of the rest of the angle measurements by subtracting our known degree measure, 50, from our total interior degrees of 540. $540 - 50$ 490 Our final answer is K, 490. Solving Method 2: diving polygon into triangles We can also always divide our polygon into a series of triangles to find the total interior degree measure. We can see that our polygon makes three triangles and we know that a triangle is always 180 degrees. This means that the polygon will have a interior degree sum of: $3 * 180$ 540 degrees. And finally, let us subtract the known angle from the total in order to find the sum of the remaining degrees. $540 - 50$ 490 Again, our final answer is K, 490. Individual Interior Angles If your polygon is regular, you will also be able to find the individual degree measure of each interior angle by dividing the degree sum by the number of angles. (Note: n can be used for both the number of sides and the number of angles because the number of sides and angles in a polygon will always be equal.) ${(n - 2)180}/n$ Again, you can choose to either use the formula or the triangle dividing method by dividing your interior sum by the number of angles. Number of Sides As we saw earlier, a regular polygon will have all equal side lengths. And if your polygon is regular, you can find the number of sides by using the reverse of the formula for finding angle measures. A regular polygon with n sides has equal angles of 140 degrees. How many sides does the figure have? 6 7 8 9 10 For this question, it will be quickest for us to use our answers and work backwards in order to find the number of sides in our polygon. (For more on how to use the plugging in answers technique, check out our guide to plugging in answers). Let us start at the middle with answer choice C. We know from our angle formula (or by making triangles out of our polygons) that an eight sided figure will have: $(n - 2)180$ $(8 - 2)180$ $(6)180$ 1080 degrees. Or again, you can always find your degree sum by making triangles out of your polygon. This way you will still end up with (6)180=1080 degrees. Now, let us find the individual degree measures by dividing that sum by the number of angles. $1080/8$ $135$ Answer choice C was too small. And we also know that the more sides a figure has, the larger each individual angle will be, so we can cross off answer choices A and B, as those answers would be even smaller. (How do we know this? A regular triangle will have three 60 degree angles, a square will have four 90 degree angles, etc.) Now let us try answer choice D. $(n - 2)180$ $(9 - 2)180$ $(7)180$ 1260 Or you could find your internal degree sum by once again making triangles from your polygons. Which would again give you $(7)180 = 1260$ degrees. Now let’s divide the degree sum by the number of sides. $1260/9$ $140$ We have found our answer. The figure has 9 sides. Our final answer is D, 9. Number of Diagonals $${n(n - 3)}/2$$ It is common for the ACT to ask you about the number of distinct diagonals in a polygon. Again, you can find this information using the formula or by drawing it out (or a combination of the two). This is basically the same as dividing your polygon into triangles, but they will be overlapping and you are counting the number of lines drawn instead of the number of triangles. Method 1: formula In order to find the number of distinct diagonals in a polygon, you can simply use the formula ${n(n - 3)}/2$, wherein $n$ is the number of sides of the polygon. Method 2: drawing it out The reason the above formula works is a matter of logic. Let’s look at an octagon, for example. You can see that an octagon has eight angles (because it has eight sides). If you were to draw all the diagonals possible from one particular angle, you could draw five lines. You will always be able to draw n−3 lines because one of the angles is being used to form all the diagonals and the lines to the two adjacent angles make up part of the perimeter of the polygon and are therefore NOT diagonals. So you can only draw diagonals to n−3 corners. Now, let’s mark another angle’s series of diagonals. You can see that none of these diagonals overlap, BUT if we were to draw the diagonals from an opposite corner, we would have multiple overlapping diagonals. The adjacent angles will not overlap, but the opposite ones will. This means that there will only be half as many diagonals as the total number of angles multiplied by their possible diagonals (in other words half of n(n−3). This is why our final formula is: ${n(n - 3)}/2$ This is all the angles multiplied by their total number of diagonals, all divided by half so that we do not get overlapping diagonal lines. (Note: of course an alternative to using any form of the formula is to simply draw out your diagonals, making sure to be very very careful to not create any overlapping diagonal lines.) Just make sure you don't dizzy yourself keeping track of all your angles and diagonals. Typical Polygon Questions Now that we’ve been through all of our polygon rules and formulas, let’s look at a few different types of polygon questions you’ll see on the ACT. About half of ACT polygon questions you’ll see will involve diagrams and about half will be word problems. Most all of the word problems will involve quadrilaterals in some form or another. Typically, you will be asked to find one of three things in a polygon question: The measure of an angle (or the sum of two or more angles) The perimeter of a figure The area of a figure Let’s look at a few real ACT math examples of these different types of questions. 1. Finding the measure of an angle We know that we can find the degree measure of a regular polygon by finding their total number of degrees and dividing that by the number of sides/angles. So let us find the sum of the interior degrees of our pentagon. A pentagon can be divided into three triangles, so we know that it has a total of: 3(180) 540 degrees. If we divide this number by the number of sides/angles in a pentagon, we can see that each angle measure is: $540/5$ 108 Now, we also know that every straight line is 180 degrees. This means that we can find the exterior angles of the pentagon by subtracting the interior angles from 180. $180 - 108$ 72 We also know that a triangle's interior degrees always add up to 180, so we can find our final angle by subtracting our two known angles from 180. $180 - 72 - 72$ 36 Our final answer is C, 36. 2: Finding the perimeter of a figure We know that a square has, by definition, all equal sides. Because DC is 6, that means that ED, EB, and BC are all equal to 6 as well. We also know that an equilateral triangle has all equal sides. Because EB equals 6 and is part of the equilateral triangle, EB, AE, and AB are all equal to 6 as well. And, finally, the perimeter of the figure is made up of lines DE, EA, AB, BC, and CD. This means that our perimeter is: 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 30 Our final answer is C, 30. 3: Using or finding the area of the figure We know that the area of a rectangle is found by multiplying the length times the width, and we also know that a rectangle has two paris of equal sides. So we need to find measurements for the sides that, in pairs, add up to 24 and, when multiplied, will make a prouct of 32. One way we can do this is to use the strategy of plugging in answers. Let us, as usual when using this strategy, start with answer choice C. So, if we have a short side length of 3, we need to double it to find how much the short sides contribute to the total perimeter. $3 * 2$ 6 If we subtract this from our total perimeter, we find that the sum of our longer sides are: $24 - 6$ 18 Which means that each of the longer sides is: $18/2$ 9 Now, if one side length is 3 and the other is 9, then the area of the rectangle will be: $3 * 9$ 27 This is too small to be our area. We need the shorter side lengths to be longer than 3 so that the product of the length and the width will be larger. Let us try option J instead. If we have two side lengths that each measure 4, they will add a total of: $4 * 2$ 8 Now let us subtract this from the total perimeter. $24 - 8$ 16 This is the sum of the longer side lengths, which means we must divide this number in half to find the individual measures. $16/2$ 8 And finally, let us multiply the length times the width to find the area of the rectangle. $8 * 4$ 32 These measurements fit our requirements, which means that the shorter sides must each measure 4. Our final answer is J, 4. Now let's look at the strategies for success for your polygon questions (as well as what to avoid doing). How to Solve a Polygon Question Now that we’ve seen the typical kinds of questions you’ll be asked on the ACT and gone through the process of finding our answers, we can see that each solving method has a few techniques in common. In order to solve your polygon problems most accurately and efficiently, take note of these strategies: #1: Break up figures into smaller shapes Don’t be afraid to write all over your diagrams. Polygons are complicated figures, so always break them into small pieces when you can. Break them apart into triangles, squares, or rectangles and you’ll be able to solve questions that would be impossible to figure out otherwise. Alternatively, you may need to expand your figures by providing extra lines and creating new shapes in which to break your figure. Just always remember to disregard these false lines when you’re finished with the problem. If we create and expand new lines in our figure, we can make our lengths and sides a little more clear. We can also see why this works because our red lines are essentially extensions of the perimeter branching outwards in order to give us a clearer picture. Now, we know that, because the bottom-most horizontal line is equal to 20, the sum of all the other horizontal lines is also equal to 20. We can also see that all the vertical lines will add up to: 12 + 8 + 8 + 12 This means that our total perimeter will be: 20 + 20 + 12 + 12 + 8 + 8 80 Our final answer is B, 80. #2: Use your shortcuts If you don’t feel comfortable memorizing formulas or if you are worried about getting them wrong on test day, don’t worry about it! Just understand your shortcuts (for example, remember that all polygons can be broken into triangles) and you’ll do just fine. #3: When possible, use PIA or PIN Because polygons involve a lot of data, it can be very easy to confuse your numbers or lose track of the path you need to go down to solve the problem. For this reason, it can often help you to use either the plugging in answer strategy (PIA) or the plugging in numbers strategy (PIN), even though it can sometimes take longer (for more on this, check out our guides to PIA and PIN). #4: Keep your work organized There is a lot of information to keep track of when working with polygons (especially once you break the figure into smaller shapes). It can be all too easy to lose your place or to mix-up your numbers, so be extra vigilant about your organization and don’t let yourself lose a well-earned point due to careless error. Before you go ahead and put your polygon knowledge to the test, take a moment to bask in some much-needed Cuteness. Test Your Knowledge Now, let's test your knowledge on polygons with some real SAT math examples. 1. 2. 3. 4. Answers: D, C, G, G Answer Explanations: 1. In order to find the number of distinct diagonals, we can, as always, either use our diagonal formula or be very (very) careful to draw our own. Let us try both methods. Method 1: formula ${n(n - 3)}/2$ We have a hexagon, so there are 6 sides. We can therefore plug 6 in for n. ${6(6 - 3)}/2$ $6(3)/2$ $18/2$ $9$ There will be 9 distinct diagonals. Our final answer is D, 9. Method 2: drawing it out If we draw our own diagonals, we can see that there are still 9 diagonals total. We can color-code these lines here, but you will not have that option on the test, so make sure you are both able to draw out all your diagonals and not count repeat lines. When done correctly, we will have 9 distinct diagonals in our hexagon. Our final answer is D, 9. 2. We know that, by definition, a parallelogram has two pairs of equal sides. So if one side measures 12, then at least one of the other three sides must also measure 12. So let us first subtract our pair of 12-length sides from our total perimeter of 72. $72 - 12 -12$ 48 The remaining pair of sides will have a sum of 48. We also know that the remaining pair of sides must be equal to one another, so let us divide this sum in half in order to find their individual measures. $48/2$ 24 This means that our parallelogram will have side measures of: 12, 12, 24, 24 Our final answer is C. 3. We are told that each of these rectangles is a square, which means that the side lengths for each square will be equal. We also know that, in order to find the area of a square, we can simply square (multiply a number by itself) one of the sides. So, if the larger square has an area of 50 square centimeters, that means that one of the side lengths squared must be equal to 50. In other words: $s^2 = 50$ $s =√50$ $s =√25 *√2$ $s = 5√2$ (For more info on how to manipulate roots and squares like this, check out our guide to ACT advanced integers.) So now we know that the length of each of the sides of the larger square is $5√2$. We also know that the area of the smaller square is 18 and that the length of one of the sides of the shorter square is the length of the side of the larger square, minus x. img src="http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/360031/body_square_example.png" alt="body_square_example" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 212px;" width="212" So let us find x by using this information. $(5√2 - x)^2 = 18$ $5√2 - x =√18$ $5√2 - x =√9 *√2$ $5√2 - x = 3√2$ $-x = -2√2$ $x = 2√2$ We have successfully found the length of $x$. Our final answer is G,$2√2$. 4. We have a few different ways to solve this problem, but one of the easiest is to use the strategy of plugging in our own numbers. This will help us to visualize the lengths and areas much more solidly. So let us imagine for a minute that the longest length of our rectangle is 12 and the shorter side is 4. (Why those numbers? Why not! When using PIN, we can choose any numbers we want to, so long as they do not contradict our given information. And these numbers do not, which means we're good to go.) Now, to make life even simpler, let us divide our rectangle in half and just work with one half at a time. Now, because we have divided our rectangle exactly in half (and we know that we did this because we are told that F and E are both midpoints of the longest side of our rectangle), we know that BF must be 6. Now we have four triangles, three of which are shaded. In order to find the ratio of unshaded area to shaded area, let us find the areas of each of our triangles. To find the area of a triangle, we know we need: ${1/2}bh$ If we take the triangle on the left, we already know that our base is 4. We also know that the height must be 3. Why? Because point G is directly in the middle of our rectangle, so the height will be exactly half of the line BF. This means that our left-most triangle will have an area of: ${1/2}bh$ ${1/2}(4)(3)$ $(2)(3)$ $6$ Now, we know that our right-most triangle (the unshaded triangle) will ALSO have an area of 6 because its height and base will be exactly the same as our left triangle. So let us find the areas of our top and bottom triangles. Again, we already have a given value for our base (in this case 6) and the height will be exactly half of the line BA. This means that the area of our top triangle (as well as our bottom triangle) will be: ${1/2}bh$ ${1/2}(6)(2)$ $(3)(2)$ $6$ Both the left and the top-most triangles have an area of 6, which means that ALL the triangles have equal areas. There is 1 unshaded triangle and 3 shaded triangles. This means that the ratio of unshaded to shaded triangles is 1:3. We also know that this will be the same ratio if we were to complete the problem for the other half of the rectangle. Why? We cut the shape exactly in half, so the ratio of all the unshaded triangles to shaded triangles will be: 2:6 Or, again: 1:3 Our final answer is G, 1:3. A little practice, a little flare, and you've got the path down to all your right answers. The Take Aways Once you internalize the few basic rules of polygons, you’ll find that these questions are not generally as difficult as they may appear at first blush. You may come across irregular polygons and ones with many sides, but the basic strategies and formulas will always be the same. Remember your strategies, keep your work well organized, and know your key definitions, and you will be able to take on even the most difficult polygon questions the ACT can throw at you. What’s Next? You've mastered polygons and now you're raring to take on more (we're guessing). Luckily for you, there are so many more math topics to cover! Take a glance through all the math topics that will appear on the ACT to make sure you've got them locked down tight. Then go ahead and check out our ACT math guides to brush up on any topics you might be rusty on. Feeling nervous about circle questions? Roots and exponents? Fractions and ratios? Whatever you need, we have the guide for you. Want to learn some of the most useful math strategies on the test? Check out our guides to plugging in answers and plugging in numbers to help you solve questions that may have had you scrambling before. Want to get a perfect score? Look no further than our guide to getting a perfect 36 on ACT math, written by a perfect-ACT-scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Forest Management essays

Forest Management essays Both the local people of Amazonian and the government of that area play a part in managing the forest. In the late 1970s, IBAMA- Brazils Environment Agency was set up to try and prevent the burning of the rainforest. Millions of acres were being burnt; in 1987 alone 20 million acres. Local farmers were paid to start fires, to provide new land for expansion. This may have seemed a good approach at first, as more capital may be brought in from the land regained through cattle ranches etc. Although Our Nature programme intervened, it is an organisation through which the government tried to prevent the fires, as the consequences of these slash and burn techniques used, are devastating! The land burnt cannot be regained, and methane is released when the trees are burnt which contributes to Global Warming. The local people though dont have many alternatives they burn the forests to feed themselves and expand their cattle ranches. In the short term the landowners made money, but the fores t suffered severe consequences. Also once Tin Ore was discovered in the area, there was even more reason to burn the forest and let the mining companies move in. The mines and Hydro Electric Dams helped to pay the $18 billion debt that Brazil owed. So it is possible to say that due to the state that the Amazonian region (still classified as a developing region) is in i.e. in severe debt, that it was not possible to stop them using their resources to help overcome the debt they owed to other countries. Although in contrast sometimes their debt problem is positively used, for example, in 1993 the debt-for-nature-swaps occurred. Non- governmental conservation groups have been able to buy heavily discounted Third World Debt, offering to write it off if the country concerned invests in conservation programmes. In the rainforest these areas are replaced with grassland or cropland, which exposes the soil to the tropi...

The moral, ethical and legal issues affecting modern e-business Essay

The moral, ethical and legal issues affecting modern e-business organisations - Essay Example In 2009 UK recorded 18.3 million internet users, accounting for the 70% of country’s total population, which â€Å"is an increase of just under 2 million households (11 per cent) over the last year and 4 million households (28 per cent) since 2006† (National Statistics, Internet Access, 2009). This scenario comprise of a number of different players that range from technological innovations, multinational companies, public policies, legal issues, and ethical values, present a number of challenging constraints and opportunities. Maintaining certain ethical and moral values within any form of commercial enterprise (including modern e-business organisations) are important for attaining sustainable success for that firm. Recently it has become especially important for the business firms, especially those involved in e-commerce, to maintain correct ethical and moral behavioural attitudes to avoid legal problems. In this era of economic globalization and technological convergence there is an emergence of a new form of internet-based society often referred to as the knowledge society, and has raised questions on issues related to various ethical, moral and legal matters. The modern computer based technologies, used for collecting, amassing, managing, and communicating data, though managed to bring in new reforms in the dispersion and application of information, also brought in various ethical and legal dilemmas. The various business firms that operate within this arena face difficulties in the context of right to information, right to privacy, right to the freedom of expression, and intellectual property rights, which vary from country to country. The immense importance and efficiency of internet based systems that include worldwide and local system networks, databases, and the various programs for data processing make it compulsory that policymakers make a review of the existing rights and r esponsibilities, in relation to conducting e-businesses in a legal and ethical manner. (Lynch, Ethical Issues in Electronic Information Systems, 1994). Discussion What is e-business and e-commerce? In the recent times it has been observed that â€Å"The capabilities and opportunities provided by the Internet have transformed many legitimate business activities, augmenting the speed, ease, and range with which transactions can be conducted while also lowering many of the costs†( Williams, 2002, 1). The increase in e-business transactions is evident in the figures presented in the UK National Statistics survey report, â€Å"The value of Internet sales by businesses rose to ?71.1 billion in 2004, an increase of 81 per cent [from] 2003... The results of the 2004 survey show growth in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and large increases in the value of trade over the Internet. The results also highlight significantly greater use of ICTs by the largest businesses (those with 1000 or more employees)... Internet purchases by businesses rose 64.6 per cent from ?37.9 billion in 2003 to ?62.4 billion in 2004† (National Statistics, News Release, 2005). Though computer and data processing systems were present during the 70s and 80s, it was primarily the late nineties that saw a rise in e-trade, where the Internet changed the way many business activities were conducted through speed augmentation, â€Å"ease, and range with which transactions can be conducted while also lowering many of the costs†(Williams, 2002, 1). Thus, the changing perspectives of trading community from that of an actual ‘

Irish Folk Costume Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Irish Folk Costume - Essay Example The revival of Irish dancing caused viewing of the Irish national dress as a colorful and flashy. However in ancient Ireland people traditionally wore leine (Irish for shirt), trews (Irish for trousers) and long brats (Irish for cloaks) fastened with a brooch. These pieces of clothes (leine and brat) were the basic elements of ancient Irish dress for people in the upper classes. These lasted from the earliest recorded times down to the 16th century. Irish national dresses worn by people back in the eighth century have had great influence on the dresses that Irish dancers wear today. If anyone wants to get an idea of how Irish peasants looked like in the eighth century, one should just have a look at the dresses worn today by Irish dances. The dresses used in their shows are updated replicas of traditional dresses decorated with elaborate Celtic designs from the Book of Kells and emphasized with a Tara Brooch which is pinned to the shawl. The traditional colorful costume of Irish peasants stayed actual up to the beginning of the 20 th century. The Gaelic League was created in 1893. The aim of this organization was to promote Irish nationalism. To reach this aim the League organized Irish dance classes and competitions called Feisanna, which is â€Å"Festival† in Irish. The purpose of these classes and competitions was to make sure that people were dancing the national dance. The organizers believed that if people danced national Irish dances they would not go in for any other dances that weren’t Irish, English dances specifically.

Mill and pleasure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mill and pleasure - Essay Example According to Mill’s utilitarianism which presumes a hedonistic theory of value, only things of fundamental value are equated to happiness and they include pleasure and the lack of pain. He is of the view that as humans strives for individual happiness, so must they collectively struggle for the delight of the people. This view is supported by Plato whom according to, the society mirrors the soul of the individual first followed by the virtues of the society mirroring the virtues of the individual. Though he equates pleasure to happiness, he appreciates some pleasures being higher than others, â€Å"Not all pleasures have equal value.† Higher pleasures are more valuable than lower pleasures. For example Pleasures of the mind are ranked higher than those of the body or a pleasure that comes with helping a needy person is considered great as compared to the pleasure as a result of taking alcohol. Mill goes against the basic principle of ethics which presumes actions as bei ng right if they promote pleasure of the most number. The intuitive view that bases ethics on self-evident principles, according to him, is not workable for it does not apply to usefulness. He chooses the inductive outlook which supports principles on experiential facts. Through his empiricism as mentioned by Gensler (1998) He (Mill) claims that even a sum like two plus two which equals to four ( 2+2=4) is based on sense experience. The assertions by Mill that however great a sensual or lower pleasure may be it cannot be compared to an intellectual or higher pleasure however small it is and that mental pain is higher while physical pain is lower is biased and contradictory. Here, he does not establish the truth of his consequentialism view of utilitarianism which indicates that actions are to be judged right or wrong based on consequences. On the other hand, Hedonism principle demands that in assessing consequences what matters is the amount of happiness or unhappiness that is cause d. In the philosophical utilitarianism by Mill, it is clear that pleasure is good in itself, that is, it is intrinsically good. This means that other things such as money, health and virtues like generosity; integrity and many more others are goods as means to an end. But according to Aristotle, such virtues are not only as a means to the supreme end which is ‘eudainonia’ or happiness but also they are ends in themselves. This begs for a clear distinction between the two forms of a good, a good as a means and a good as an end, however, a good can have both intrinsic and instrumental values for example health. The difference between the two can be well explained by looking at the two non-deontological traditions of the good as embraced by Aristotle and Mill, Good - Intrinsic and Merely Instrumental Good Aristotle’s Teleological tradition construes the good in terms of its fulfillment of ends as natural or proper to a creature thus conceived as immanent. Millâ€⠄¢s consequentiality on the other hand holds that a good is quantitatively maximized, that is, it is as a result of our acts. Another differentiation is that teleological goes beyond

Control Smoking Essay Example for Free

Control Smoking Essay Everywhere, we see people smoking where most of them are men. It has become a trend and a daily necessity to smokers. Therefore, it is very difficult to control smoking habit. However, benefit of smoking only for certain things such as increasing in economy income and chance of jobs but as for individual, it will only bring harm rather than good. Body A. Topic Sentence Most of smokers which are men have a lack of awareness about disadvantages of smoking. There are several disadvantages that can be seen from smoking, such as smoking is a cause of lung dysfunction. Supporting Point A cigarettes contains almost 600 ingredients, when burned it would produce about 6000 chemicals, where one of it is tar. The tar mostly will sticks to the cilia in our lungs and more things is it will be the cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD a. Specific Detail. Cilia are microscopic, hair-like structures that extend from the surface of every human. This can be found in the lungs, respiratory tract and middle ear. These cilia have a rhythmic waving, in other words, cilia will act as a broom that clean dirt in your respiratory system. b. Specific Detail COPD will affect the function of the lungs and how oxygen being delivers into the body plus it also the cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema and involve the charge in the structure of your lung tissue and airways. Topic Sentence Moreover, cancer is also one of the contributions from smoking cigarettes. There are many statistics and organization that make research about cigarette but none of them have proven that cigarette’s a good thing. Supporting Point There are many kind of cancer from smoking habit and some of them are mouth and throat cancer. a. Supporting Detail Cigarette contains many cancer agents know as carcinogens. These carcinogens can cause mutations in mouth cells and develop a mouth cancer. b. Supporting Detail Since carcinogen is an agent of cancer that contain in cigarettes, it also can affect throat which lead to throat cancer. Moreover, the heat from burned cigarettes, also contribute in having Topic Sentence Another reason why smoking can harms the smokers because it can affect heart and blood vessel ability and yet there are many smokers who did not realise or lack of knowledge about the effect of smoking. Supporting point Smoking can change the structure of blood vessels. This can lead to the build-up of plaque that hardens and narrows the vessels, causing a disease called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a common cause of heart attacks and peripheral arterial disease (P.A.D.) a.Specific detail Atherosclerosis is a disease which is plaque builds up inside your arteries. Ingredients that contain in the cigarettes will help the build-up of the plaque. Over time, plaque hardens and narrows your arteries. This limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your organs and other parts of your body and also it is one of the factor of heart attacks. b.Specific detail Peripheral arterial disease (P.A.D.) also a disease in which plaque builds up in the arteries that carry blood to your head, organs, and limbs P.A.D.  usually affects the arteries in the legs. Smoking is the main risk factor for P.A.D. the smokers will have a risk of P.A.D. increases up to four times. Conclusion This are some of the bad effect by smoking cigarette which will affect your life, family and also people around you either in the past, present and future. Even though, some people may assume smoking is a good thing for them but the fact is that smoking is a bad habit that brings bad life style. Therefore we hope that every smoker in the world realise and start taking action on stopping a smoking habit because there are no benefit can be get from smoking.

Principles of good customer service Essay -- Business and Management S

Principles of good customer service It is very important to give excellent customer service when out in resort working as a rep. customer service can be given by one person or alternatively it can be given out as a team. This is to ensure that the customers get the best from there holiday, and so that they build a rapor with you to gain trust for them to come back time and time again. Seeing the customer happy also benefits you as a rep and gives you good job satisfaction. There are many different types of giving good customer service: Body language When dealing with a customer you must always use positive body language. Giving lots of eye contact is always good because the customer feels that you are giving them you full attention and that you are developing an understanding of there needs. Also facial expressions reveal opinions, emotions and moods better than any of the other body parts. The way that your face expresses feelings i.e. smiling or frowning will always allow the customer to discover how you are feeling towards them. First Impressions First impressions count in any business, particularly overseas where dealing with people is such an important part of the work. You need to understand that the way you and your organisation present themselves to customers has a direct influence on their enjoyment, your job satisfaction and the future success of the organisation that employs you. In particular when meeting a customer for the first ...

Columbus and Western Civilization Analyzation Essay

The four critical duties as a writer described in Rebecca Howard’s â€Å"Writing Matters,† are your responsibility; to your readers, your topic, other writers, and to yourself. Howard Zinn achieved these task’s by first, defining his target view of history. Howard did not want to tell the story of Columbus, in the same tainted overview that is most known to the multitudes. He desired to gaze at it from all directions, and determine the accuracy behind Columbus’s story and how it should be perceived. Howard Zinn was a historian, who incidentally, had little knowledge of Columbus and his story. He plainly stated this from the beginning of his essay, explaining to the audience his credentials and intensions. Zinn collected his information from the diaries of the men who were truly there, to witness what took place. He made this known by quoting these witnesses, letting the reader know where he was obtaining his truths. He appears to see the duties of the historian and citizen as, â€Å"to widen the spectrum of ideas, to take in new books, new approaches, new information, and new views of history.† Once reading â€Å"Columbus and Western Civilization,† my view of Columbus hasn’t changed much because, honestly, growing up, I don’t remember much about Columbus and his journey. It is like I’m learning of his journey for the first time. From what I can remember, Columbus’ story was one of the first I had been educated in school. From kindergarten, all through middle school, I never understood his nature or his motives, nor did I care at the time. â€Å"In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† This quotation is the only piece of info I can remember about Columbus from my previous education. As far as I am concerned, Columbus was that of a national icon. He was a Hero, master of the seas, without his bravery and determination, our universe as we know it would never have been imaginable. It is a safe bet that none of would be here today if not for him and his determination.

Attitudes Towards Death in “The Lottery” and Death Knocks

Attitudes Towards Death in â€Å"The Lottery† and Death Knocks â€Å"The Lottery† and Death Knocks are two stories that mainly deal with death. â€Å"The Lottery† is about a small town that holds a lottery every year where the winner of the lottery is stoned to death by the rest of the town. In Death Knocks, death visits a man named Nat and tells him it is hit time to go. Nat plays death in a game of gin rummy where he wins so death has to give him another day to live.The attitudes towards death in these two stories are mainly quite different, however there are a few things that are similar. Death Knocks has a more realistic view of death because in â€Å"The Lottery† the towns people act as if being picked to die for no reason is not a big deal. Death Knocks and â€Å"The Lottery† have very different attitudes towards death. In Death Knocks, when Nat is told that he is going to die he says that he is not ready. Nat implies that he is not ready to d ie.In â€Å"The Lottery† the whole town acts as though being chosen to die is just another part of their everyday lives. The townspeople act as if the lottery is not a big deal. They all talk to each other and act calmly, then when the winner is picked they carry on with the stoning without hesitating. In Death Knocks Nat states that he has a wife and he wants to talk to her. In â€Å"The Lottery† Bill Hutchinson does not hesitate at all to point out that his wife is the one that won the lottery. This shows that the attitude towards death of spouses is completely different.In Death Knocks Nat cares about his spouse but in â€Å"The Lottery† Bill Hutchinson acts as if his wife dying is no big deal. There aren't very many similarities in these two stories but if looked at closely one small similarity can be found. When Nat is told he is going to die he says he is not ready. In â€Å"The Lottery† it seems as though everyone is okay with dying. However when i t comes down to it and Mrs. Hutchinson is about to be stoned she says â€Å"it isn't fair†. This shows that deep down she really does want to live.Just like Nat in Death Knocks. Both â€Å"The Lottery† and Death Knocks have very different attitudes towards death but Death Knocks is a more realistic attitude. In â€Å"The Lottery† the town deals with death almost as if it is a game. For no reason someone is picked to be killed. In Death Knocks Nat does not want to die, right from the very beginning of the story. In today's society there is no way that people being killed for no reason would ever be tolerated or accepted. This is why Death Knocks has a more realistic attitude towards death.